Kalashnikov AK (AK-47)

Caliber 7.62x39 mm
Action: Gas operated, rotating bolt with 2 lugs
Overall length: 870 mm
Barrel length: 415 mm
Weight, with empty magazine: AK 4,3 kg; AKM 3,14 kg
Magazine capacity 30 rounds (40 rounds box magazinesand 75 rounds drums from RPK also may be used)
Cyclic rate of fire 600 rounds per minute

The AK-47 is best described as a hybrid of previous rifle technology innovations:^[34] the trigger mechanism,^[35] double locking lugs and unlocking raceway^{[citation needed]} of the M1 Garand/M1 carbine, the safety mechanism.The main advantages of the Kalashnikov rifle are its simple design, fairly compact size, and adaptation to mass production. It is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to clean and maintain.

     

Lamborghini Aventador LP700

The Lamborghini Aventador LP 700–4 is a two-door, two-seater sports car publicly unveiled by Lamborghini.Aventador was designed to replace the ten-year-old Murciélago as the new flagship model in the Lamborghini lineup starting in 2011.^[4] Soon after the Aventador unveiling, Lamborghini announced that it had already sold over 12 months of the production vehicles.

          The Aventador LP 700–4 uses Lamborghini's new 700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) 6.5 litre 60° V12 engine weighing 235 kg.

Specifications

Displacement	6,498 cc (396.5 cu in)
Max. power	700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) @ 8,250 rpm
Power to weight	432 PS (318 kW; 426 bhp) per tonne
Max. torque	690 N·m (510 lb·ft) @ 5,500 rpm
CO2 emissions	398 g/km
Combined fuel consumption	17.2 L/100 km (16.4 mpg-imp; 13.7 mpg-US)

AERODYNAMICS

During the Aventador's development, our engineers in Sant'Agata Bolognese examined every little detail of the bodywork in order to optimize the aerodynamics. All body parts needed, and still need, to be in perfect harmony – from the front bumper to the rear wing.

Efficient aerodynamics lead to better acceleration and increased cornering speeds. Furthermore, lower fuel consumption can be the result. So it is not a surprise that the work in the wind tunnel is so crucial. But the minimization of the aerodynamic drag is only one of several tasks. The aerodynamicists also need to reduce disturbing turbulences and utilize the airflow by guiding it to certain parts of the car, for example the rear wing.

THE INTELLIGENT REAR WING

When driving, the air hits the rear wing with high velocity which pushes the rear part of the car onto the tarmac and creates downforce. As a result, the slip decreases, the tires produce better grip and the engine power can be used more efficiently. A special feature of the Aventador is the integrated rear wing. It only extends when needed – at mid-range and high speeds.

The diffusor on the underside of the car's rear further increases the grip. It produces a vacuum by decelerating the airflow.

As a result, the rear is pulled downwards. As in many other areas of vehicle construction, our engineers have to look at the entirety of the car when it comes to aerodynamics. Lamborghini has managed to develop highly efficient aerodynamics for the Aventador, which support its extraordinary performance. The breathtaking acceleration from 0 to 100 kph (0-62 mph) in only 2.9 seconds is just one of many examples for the Aventador's aerodynamic strength.

INTERIOR

The stunning design concept of the Lamborghini Aventador is continued in the interior, with the citation of hexagons and trapezia that can be found on the bodywork. You can also customize the interior to fit your taste – from the color of the stitching on the seats to the leather. Take a seat behind the steering wheel, close the legendary scissor door and you will find yourself seated in the middle of the Aventador's control center.

INTELLIGENT CONTROLS

Instead of a conventional instrument cluster, the Aventador features a TFT display that provides you with all the information you need. Despite all technological finesse, operating the car is simple and intuitive, thanks to the intelligent controls and the arrangement of the switches on the center console. We want to make sure you can concentrate on what really counts: driving pleasure.

POWERTRAIN

The Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 has a 12-cylinder engine in its center, just like its legendary predecessor. It was newly developed and weighs only 235 kg. Thanks to 700 hp (515 kW), a displacement of 6,498 cm3 (396.5 cu.in.) and a maximum torque of 690 Nm (507 lbft) it is the strongest engine ever built by Lamborghini.

FANTASTIC PERFORMANCE

The Aventador accelerates from 0-100 kph (0-62 mph) in 2.9 seconds and can reach a top speed of 350 kph (217 mph). The engine achieves these fantastic numbers with the help of the 7 speed ISR gearbox and its shifting time of only 50 milliseconds. Via Drive Select Mode you can choose from three different shifting characteristics: Strada, Sport and Corsa. You can either let the gearbox shift automatically, or you can select gears manually by using the shift paddles on the steering wheel.

The permanent all-wheel drive makes sure your throttle input is being transferred perfectly onto the tarmac. An electronically controlled Haldex generation IV clutch is responsible for the power distribution. Depending on the chosen drive mode, it transfers up to 60 percent of the available torque to the front wheels.

Nowadays a super sports car is no longer judged by its performance alone, fuel economy is also an important topic. In order to reduce fuel 

FUEL CAR SAVER DEVICE

In this 21st century,many people want to save their budget cause of increasing a market price daily.People are concerned about their account especially fuel.Fuel price increasing day per day make people suffering in this situation.However,many company introducing their fuel car saver device to people who are concern about their budget.


               Fuel saving devices are sold on the aftermarket with claims to improve the fuel economy and/or the exhaust emissions of a vehicle. There are numerous different types of device; many purport to optimize ignition, air flow, or fuel flow in some way.One reason that ineffective fuel saving gadgets are popular is the difficulty of accurately measuring small changes in the fuel economy of a vehicle. This is because of the high level of variance in the fuel consumption of a vehicle under normal driving conditions.

               Some electronic devices are marketed as fuel savers. Max Power Revolution, for example, plugs into the vehicle's cigarette lighter and displays several LEDs. It is claimed to increase vehicle fuel economy by up to 25% through "power conditioning of the vehicle's electrical systems.

               Besides that,Magnset attached to a vehicle's fuel line have been claimed to improve fuel economy by aligning fuel molecules

                 Some devices claim to improve efficiency by changing the way that liquid fuel is converted to vapor. These include fuel heaters and devices to increase or decrease turbulence in the intake manifold.




HERE EXAMPLE FOR FUEL SAVER DEVICE:




Electronic fuel saver device from Max Power Revolution,visit www.mp-r.com.my for more details.





Water vapour(hygrogen) that injects directly to combustion chamber for more acceleration and pick-up power and saving fuel.visit ebooster-gen.blogspot.com/‎ for more info.






Magnetic fuel saver for car that connect to fuel line for increasing fuel economy.

AROMA COMPOUND (Fragrance)

An aroma compound, also known as odorant, aroma, fragrance or flavour, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. A chemical compound has a smell or odor when it is sufficiently volatile to be transported to the olfactory system in the upper part of the nose.Generally molecules meeting this specification have molecular weights of <300. Flavors affect both the sense of taste and smell whereas fragrances affect only smell. Flavors tend to be naturally occurring, and fragrances tend to be synthetic.Aroma compounds can be found in food, wine, spices, perfumes, fragrance oils, and essential oils. For example, many form biochemicallyduring ripening of fruits and other crops. In wines, most form as byproducts of fermentation. Odorants can also be added to a dangerous odorless substance, like propane, natural gas, or hydrogen, as a warning. Also, many of the aroma compounds play a significant role in the production of flavorants, which are used in the food service industry to flavor, improve, and generally increase the appeal of their products.









However,there are many scent perfume smell including fruity and other.Modern perfumes have progressed to fouler-smelling compounds. Take Eau de Stilton, which radiat­es blue cheese, a StiltonCheesemakers Association commission meant to turn more stomachs on to the product [source: Discover]. You could say the Stilton fragrance was a joke, but real perfumes sometimes boast notes of stench as a sort of circus act by the designer, too. Luca Turin, a biophysicist and well-known perfume writer, thought the rotten note in Sécrétions Magnifiques, considered a fine fragrance, was thrilling and intelligent [source: Turin and Sanchez].

To apply the loosest definition, perfume is any substance that you wear and that smells. There are no requirements for it to smell good. Clearly, your experience of a perfume comes not only from the stuff in the bottle but also from the stuff in your head.

FACT ABOUT ISLAM

Islam" means "Peace through the submission to God that is ALLAH S.W.T.Islam" means "Peace through the submission to God.Besides that,Islam is not a cult. Its followers number over 1.5 billion worldwide. Along with Judaism and Christianity, it is considered to be one of the three Abrahamic traditions.There are five pillars of practice in Islam. These practices must be undertaken with the best of effort in order to be considered a true Muslim: A) Shahadah - declaration of faith in the oneness of God and that Muhammad is the last prophet of God. B) Formal prayer five times a day. C) Fasting during the daylight hours in the month of Ramadan. D) Poor-due "tax" - 2.5% of one's savings given to the needy at the end of each year. E) Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once, if physically and financially able.


        Islam is a complete way of life that governs all facets of life: moral, spiritual, social, political, economical, intellectual, etc.Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in the world. To become Muslim, a person of any race or culture must say a simple statement, the shahadah, that bears witness to the belief in the One God and that Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet of God."Allah" is an Arabic word that means "God". Muslims also believe that "Allah" is the personal name of God.




Women are not oppressed in Islam. Any Muslim man that oppresses a woman is not following Islam. Among the many teachings of Prophet Muhammad that protected the rights and dignity of women is his saying, "...the best among you are those who treat their wives well." (Tirmidhi). Islam grants women numerous rights in the home and in society. Among them are the right to earn money, to financial support, to an education, to an inheritance, to being treated kindly, to vote, to a dowry, to keep their maiden name, to worship in a mosque, etc., etc.Arranged marriages are allowed in Islam but are not required. Whereas "forced" marriages, usually stemming from cultural practice, are forbidden. Divorce is permissible, however, reconciliation is what is most encouraged. But if there are irreconcilable differences then Islam permits a fair and just divorce.

Example of the Holy Quran

Quran have been decide of our prophet Muhammad ,quran is before called Taurat.And before Taurat is Kitab Zabur.

The Greenhouse Effect

What is the greenhouse effect?




There are two common meanings of the term "greenhouse effect". There is a "natural" greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth's climate warm and habitable. There is also the "man-made" greenhouse effect, which is the enhancement of Earth's natural greenhouse effect by the addition of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels (mainly petroleum, coal, and natural gas). 

In order to understand how the greenhouse effect operates, we need to first understand "infrared radiation". Greenhouse gases reduce the rate at which the Earth's surface loses infrared radiation to outer space. Because one way to increase the temperature of anything is to reduce its rate of energy loss to its surroundings, this makes the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere warmer than they would otherwise be.

The greenhouse effect refers to circumstances where the short wavelengths ofvisible light from the sun pass through a transparent medium and are absorbed, but the longer wavelengths of the infrared re-radiation from the heated objects are unable to pass through that medium. The trapping of the long wavelength radiation leads to more heating and a higher resultant temperature. Besides the heating of an automobile by sunlight through the windshield and the namesake example of heating the greenhouse by sunlight passing through sealed, transparent windows, the greenhouse effect has been widely used to describe the trapping of excess heat by the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Bright sunlight will effectively warm your car on a cold, clear day by thegreenhouse effect. The longer infrared wavelengths radiated by sun-warmed objects do not pass readily through the glass. The entrapment of this energy warms the interior of the vehicle. The trapping of the hot air so that it cannot rise and lose the energy by convection also plays a major role.

Short wavelengths ofvisible light are readily transmitted through the transparentwindshield. (Otherwise you wouldn't be able to see through it!)

Shorter wavelengths of ultraviolet light are largely blocked by glass since they have greater quantum energies which have absorption mechanisms in the glass. Even though you may be uncomfortably warm with bright sunlight streaming through, you will not be sunburned.

How Spark Plugs Work

The spark plug is quite simple in theory: It forces electricity to arc across a gap, just like a bolt of lightning. The electricity must be at a very high voltage in order to travel across the gap and create a good spark. Voltage at the spark plug can be anywhere from 40,000 to 100,000 volts.

The spark plug must have an insulated passageway for this high voltage to travel down to the electrode, where it can jump the gap and, from there, be conducted into the engine block and grounded. The plug also has to withstand the extreme heat and pressure inside the cylinder, and must be designed so that deposits from fuel additives do not build up on the plug

Spark plugs use a ceramic insert to isolate the high voltage at the electrode, ensuring that the spark happens at the tip of the electrode and not anywhere else on the plug; this insert does double-duty by helping to burn off deposits. Ceramic is a fairly poor heat conductor, so the material gets quite hot during operation. This heat helps to burn off deposits from the electrode.

Some cars require a hot plug. This type of plug is designed with a ceramic insert that has a smaller contact area with the metal part of the plug. This reduces the heat transfer from the ceramic, making it run hotter and thus burn away more deposits. Cold plugs are designed with more contact area, so they run cooler.

The difference between a "hot" and a "cold" spark plug is in the shape of the ceramic tip.

The carmaker will select the right temperature plug for each car. Some cars with high-performance engines naturally generate more heat, so they need colder plugs. If the spark plug gets too hot, it could ignite the fuel before the spark fires; so it is important to stick with the right type of plug for your car.

Next, we'll learn about the coil that generates the high voltages required to create a spark.

Causes of Overheating:

• Spark plug heat range too hot
• Insufficient tightening torque and/or no gasket
• Over-advanced ignition timing
• Fuel octane rating too low (knock is present)
• Excessively lean air-fuel mixture
• Excessive combustion chamber deposits
• Continuous driving under excessively heavy load
• Insufficient engine cooling or lubrication